Focus on Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Focus on Technology - Essay Example It was later applied in the University of Michigan. It used silver halide emulsions as the recoding medium although the images formed were not very clear. Over the recent years, the technology has been improved through the application of refractive index to alter light transmission. This has also seen development of many types of holograms including transmission and rainbow holograms (Workman 2). Transmission hologram allows light through it but the image is viewed from the side. Rainbow hologram on the other hand is used to serve security purposes on drivers’ licenses and on credit cards. Hologram is set by use of an object, a beam of light and recording medium (Workman 1). The beam of light should be shined on the object so as to cast its image on the recording medium. The environment should be appropriate to allow intersection of light as it enters into the hologram. A mirror is used to direct light to both the recording medium and the object. The beam of light moving to the object is known as the object or illumination beam and the one moving to the recording medium is known as the reference beam (Workman 2). The two set of beams coordinate to produce a clear image onto the medium. The interaction between the two patters gives rise to interference pattern which are now recorded as the virtual image. The recording medium can be made using various materials but the most common one is the photographic film (Workman 2). Some light-reactive grains are added to this film to make it react with the incoming beam of light. This has made it possible to record a higher resol ution compared to that produced by halide materials used in 1960s. Currently, researchers have formed tiny holograms by use of meta-surface. This hologram is able to control light and has advanced sensors, fast information processing and high resolution. Meta-surface is made up of thousands of V-shaped nano-antennas which are made into ultrathin gold foil (Elmorshidy 104). These

Briefly characterise neoliberalism and discuss its likely Essay

Briefly characterise neoliberalism and discuss its likely contributions to the mutiple contemporary crises---food,environment,finance and energy - Essay Example Liberal paradigm stems from the studies of Adam Smith, an outstanding economist of the late 18th century, who argued that minimization of government’s role in economic relations would facilitation growth of trade. The liberal economic model had dominated in national and international economic relations for almost two centuries until the new Keynesian model took over in the 1930s. This model advocated interventions of the state in economic relations and proved its efficiency helping effectively rebuild European economies after the devastating world wars. However, despite the apparent success of Keynesian paradigm liberalism resurrected in the early 1970s with increasing numbers of economists supporting the claim that deregulation of markets, privatization and minimization of government intervention would foster further growth of the international economics. That resurrected model of economic liberalism was called neoliberalismii. Also known as ‘economic rationalism’, the neoliberal model â€Å"†¦has an interest †¦ to provide reason to limit government in relation to the market†iii and incorporates the â€Å"†¦beliefs in the efficacy of the free market and the adoption of policies that prioritize deregulation, foreign debt reduction, privatization of the public sector...and a (new) orthodoxy of individual responsibility and the â€Å"emergency† safety net - thus replacing collective provision through a more residualist welfare state†iv. In other words, neoliberalism stresses the role of self-conduct in economic relations requiring individuals to exercise more power and control over their life and well-being. This is often called ‘the entrepreneurial self’v. Government that promotes neoliberalism stimulates individual to adopt highly practical and rational relationships to themselves without limiting their freedom in economic relations. Therefore, this model