Focus on Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Focus on Technology - Essay Example It was later applied in the University of Michigan. It used silver halide emulsions as the recoding medium although the images formed were not very clear. Over the recent years, the technology has been improved through the application of refractive index to alter light transmission. This has also seen development of many types of holograms including transmission and rainbow holograms (Workman 2). Transmission hologram allows light through it but the image is viewed from the side. Rainbow hologram on the other hand is used to serve security purposes on drivers’ licenses and on credit cards. Hologram is set by use of an object, a beam of light and recording medium (Workman 1). The beam of light should be shined on the object so as to cast its image on the recording medium. The environment should be appropriate to allow intersection of light as it enters into the hologram. A mirror is used to direct light to both the recording medium and the object. The beam of light moving to the object is known as the object or illumination beam and the one moving to the recording medium is known as the reference beam (Workman 2). The two set of beams coordinate to produce a clear image onto the medium. The interaction between the two patters gives rise to interference pattern which are now recorded as the virtual image. The recording medium can be made using various materials but the most common one is the photographic film (Workman 2). Some light-reactive grains are added to this film to make it react with the incoming beam of light. This has made it possible to record a higher resol ution compared to that produced by halide materials used in 1960s. Currently, researchers have formed tiny holograms by use of meta-surface. This hologram is able to control light and has advanced sensors, fast information processing and high resolution. Meta-surface is made up of thousands of V-shaped nano-antennas which are made into ultrathin gold foil (Elmorshidy 104). These

Briefly characterise neoliberalism and discuss its likely Essay

Briefly characterise neoliberalism and discuss its likely contributions to the mutiple contemporary crises---food,environment,finance and energy - Essay Example Liberal paradigm stems from the studies of Adam Smith, an outstanding economist of the late 18th century, who argued that minimization of government’s role in economic relations would facilitation growth of trade. The liberal economic model had dominated in national and international economic relations for almost two centuries until the new Keynesian model took over in the 1930s. This model advocated interventions of the state in economic relations and proved its efficiency helping effectively rebuild European economies after the devastating world wars. However, despite the apparent success of Keynesian paradigm liberalism resurrected in the early 1970s with increasing numbers of economists supporting the claim that deregulation of markets, privatization and minimization of government intervention would foster further growth of the international economics. That resurrected model of economic liberalism was called neoliberalismii. Also known as ‘economic rationalism’, the neoliberal model â€Å"†¦has an interest †¦ to provide reason to limit government in relation to the market†iii and incorporates the â€Å"†¦beliefs in the efficacy of the free market and the adoption of policies that prioritize deregulation, foreign debt reduction, privatization of the public sector...and a (new) orthodoxy of individual responsibility and the â€Å"emergency† safety net - thus replacing collective provision through a more residualist welfare state†iv. In other words, neoliberalism stresses the role of self-conduct in economic relations requiring individuals to exercise more power and control over their life and well-being. This is often called ‘the entrepreneurial self’v. Government that promotes neoliberalism stimulates individual to adopt highly practical and rational relationships to themselves without limiting their freedom in economic relations. Therefore, this model

Gogols Petersburg Tales Essay Example for Free

Gogols Petersburg Tales Essay Compare Nikolai Gogol’s â€Å"The Overcoat† with the other St. Petersburg tales. Nikolai Gogol’s St. Petersburg stories have been interpreted as tales of social injustice, urban and human isolation, psychological studies, love stories, moralistic fables and social satires. In keeping with emerging trends of â€Å"naturalistic† writing, the stories deal with relatively lowly members of the social strata in the Petersburg bureaucracy – the everyman. This essay will compare â€Å"The Overcoat† with â€Å"Diary of a Madman† and â€Å"The Nose† and examine how each of the main characters in Gogol’s stories survives in the seemingly unnatural and fabricated world of St. Petersburg. The principal character in â€Å"The Overcoat†, Akaky Akakievich Bashmachkin buries himself so deeply in his paltry work of copying documents that his work almost supersedes the actual reality in which he inhabits, he is described walking through the streets of St. Petersburg oblivious to the people around him or the rubbish being thrown out windows onto him, he sees nothing but a line of beautiful words to copy. He later does the same when obsessing about the coat which he is having made to shield him from the bitter Russian winter. This need to cloak and insulate oneself from the cold harshness of modern society is an idea which runs through these three stories, and seemed to preoccupy Gogol himself. He was a secretive person about which very little is known, he said himself in his letters â€Å"But how can one judge about a secretive person in whom everything is inside, whose character hasn’t even taken shape but who is still educating himself in his soul and whose every move produces only misunderstanding? How can one make conclusions about such a person basing oneself on a few traits which have inadvertently stuck themselves out? Won’t this be the same as to conclude about a book by a few sentences torn out of it – not in order either, but from different passages.† Gogol was interested in how the character and worth of someone is judged by others, the characte rs in The Petersburg Stories are all defined, both by themselves and by others, by their professions, which are comically insignificant, Akaky Akakievich copied pages and Poprishchin in â€Å"Diary of a Madman† was in charge of pencil sharpening. These characters are defined by the role they serve as part of the bureaucracy rather than by any kind of individual identity. Gogol paints a picture of a society in which values the most superficial aspects of a person, an idea which is taken to comical new heights in â€Å"The Nose†Ã‚  when the preposterous and vain main character Major Kovalyov loses something which serves no great purpose other than normalising one’s appearance – his nose. Escapism is essential for Gogol’s characters. Each of the main characters feels happiest when they are detached from reality, when they have some sort of rosy, imaginary insulation between them and the inescapable monotony of their lowly lives. Akaky Akakievich is described garnering a disproportionate amount of joy from his work copying documents, smiling to himself as he coppied letters he particularly liked, going home and copying just for fun and â€Å"when all strive to divert themselves† going to bed â⠂¬Å"smiling at thought of coming day†. Akaky puts all of his faith and love and passion into something arbitrary and ultimately meaningless as a coping mechanism, for how else would he survive his pitiful life? The main character in â€Å"Diary of a Madman† Poprishkin is driven to a similar detachment from the real world as his lowly and socially immobile position as a titular councillor becomes too much to bear. He loses his sanity but arguably gains something of greater value; confidence and social mobility. In creating a world for himself where he is no longer one of many middle aged, poorly paid low ranking civil servants but the King of Spain he frees himself from his suffocating ties to societal norms, he no longer believes in the inherent superiority of those of a higher social status, he even has the audacity to call his employer as â€Å"an ordinary doornail, a simple doornail, nothing more. The kind used in doors†. Similarly, Kovalyov deludes himself to give his life a sense of importance and signi ficance. He gives himself the title of â€Å"Major† and struts down Nevsky Prospect making eye contact with everyone and imagining attention from ladies that he passes. The key difference between the coping mechanism employed by Akaky and the methods used by Poprishkin and Kobalev is that Akaky’s world is not one which elevates his social status. His extremely introverted behaviour does not disrupt the status quo. It is arguably their obsession with class and how they appear to others which causes all of both Kovalev and Poprishkin’s strife. Contrastingly, Akaky just wants to be left alone, he doesn’t care that people often see him with trifle or hay stuck to the back of his cape, this makes Akaky a more likeable, sympathetic character, he is completely harmless and innocent a perfect victim. This is the only story in which Gogol allows us to be fully sympathetic with a character. There are indeed moments in â€Å"Diary of a Madman† which could and should stir sympathy for Poprishkin in the reader, but Gogol always undermines these moments with a humorous or nonsensical comment. In â€Å"The Overcoat† however, the narrative tone flips from heart wrenchingly sad to funny and light hearted and then back again in the space of a page – Gogol displays his talent for evoking sympathy and emotion in a reader and his gift for comedy side by side. It is not just the characters who seek to cover themselves up and conceal the truth from the reader; there is a lack of reliability coupled with nonsense running through all three of the narratives which obstinately refuses to make sense. â€Å"The Overcoat† introduces us to this immediately, it begins with a digression â€Å"In the department of but it is better not to mention the department.† The narrator continues in this vein, using a conversational, unreliable tone, often forgetting the facts or losing their place in the story. Gogol’s deliberate elusiveness undermines the idea of the omniscient authorial voice of the narrator and injects suspicion and confusion into the narrative. Gogol uses a similar narrative voice in â€Å"The Nose†. The narrator of â€Å"The Nose† is similarly uninformed and forgetful and makes no attempt to elucidate the reason for all the bizarre occurrences in the story. Things in these stories can often just disappear into a puff of smoke, Gogol increases the confusion, and elusiveness with the use of a lot of mist and smoke imagery, he is like a magician, cloaking his intentions, keeping himself safe behind a cloud of nonsense and a mist of confusion. Gogol’s St. Petersburg stories portray many different types of characters, but pervading through the stories and uniting them is this sense of heightened self-consciousness a need to protect oneself from a befuddling, cold harsh world. Gogol himself put it best in another St Petersburg story – Nevsky Prospekt â€Å"It had seemed as if some demon had crumbled the world into bits and mixed all these bits indiscriminately together† Bibliography Gogol, Nikolai translated by Macandrew, Andrew R and Meyer, Priscilla The Diary of a Madman and Other Stories SIGNET CLASSICS, January 2005, New York, NY/US One Of The Oldest Cases Of Schizophrenia In Gogols Diary Of A Madman Eric Lewin AltschulerBMJ: British Medical Journal , Vol. 323, No. 7327 (Dec. 22 29, 2001), pp. 1475-1477 Published by: BMJ Publishing Group Article Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25468632 Cloaking the Self: The Literary Space of Gogols Overcoat Charles C. Bernheimer PMLA , Vol. 90, No. 1 (Jan., 1975), pp. 53-61 Published by: Modern Language Association Article Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/461347 The Laughter of Gogol R. W. Hallett Russian Review , Vol. 30, No. 4 (Oct., 1971), pp. 373-384 Published by: Wiley on behalf of The Editors and Board of Trustees of the Russian Review Article Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/127792

The Price of Revenge in Sleepers and Valentine :: Sleepers Valentine

The Price of Revenge in Sleepers and Valentine Many people advocate the philosophy of "An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth," but few of them realize that to take revenge is often to sacrifice oneself and that the very purpose of law is to put an end to revenge. People are willing to sacrifice their freedom, their careers, and even their lives for revenge. Lorenzo Carcaterra's novel Sleepers, and Tom Savage's novel, Valentine, evidently express this. Although its true that it might take couple of years for criminals to get what they deserve, most of the time the law gets the job done. In addition, some may argue that the law doesn't always ensure justice. This is also true, but it’s still not worth to sacrifice oneself. We should let the law do its job. People may sacrifice their freedom for revenge. In Sleepers, John Reilly and Tommy Marcano could not forget the humiliation they suffered at the Wilkinson Home for Boys. One day, they saw Sean Nokes, one of the guards who never planned on a reunion with the two boys, sitting in a bar. They recognized him at first glance and didn't want to give up this valuable chance for Nokes to pay for what he did to them. Both of them pulled out their guns and shot Nokes to death in cold blood. The shots that took away their enemy's life soon took away their own freedom. They were both arrested and put into jail. People may sacrifice their careers for revenge as well. Michael Sullivan, after being released from the Wilkinson Home, had never again had a problem with the law. Moreover, he graduated with honors from high school and eventually became a New York City assistant district attorney. But his career was destined to be destroyed when he decided to go after the other guards. "It's payback time", Michael said," John and Tommy started it, I can finish it" (Carcaterra p.271). As the prosecuting attorney, he set the witness (one of the guards) up and purposely lost the case. Although his revenge plan succeeded, his reputation as a lawyer was ruined. He never practiced law again and became a carpenter. It's a tragedy that this law school student doesn't believe in law. People may even sacrifice their lives for revenge. In Valentine, Victor Dimorta is an abused boy.

Ebooks & libraries Essay

Ebooks are now becoming more popular in libraries as confirmed by two recent conferences: the Charleston Conference and London Online. This is because library users find it more convenient to use ebooks as compared to printed sources. John Barnes of Cengage announce to the Charleston audience that their users prefer electronic though they still sell more print than electronic reference. In line with this, he believed that libraries have to â€Å"move faster away from print reference† so as to meet the growing demand for ebooks. He also added that the cost per use of the print collection was 5 times greater than the electronic collection. The demand for e-reference books, including dictionaries, almanacs, encyclopedias, and handbooks, continued to rise since it had been included in library systems. In view of this, the presenters showed some issues that were to be addressed, particularly monitoring the usage of scholarly monographs. Peter Shephard of Project COUNTER said that the COUNTER to be installed in many libraries will be of great help in usage reporting. Currently, there are eight libraries that use the system. Ebooks experienced high use despite little promotion. Compared to printed references, ebooks can be more profitable since it can be sold directly to students and libraries. For now, ebook usage are undergoing intensive studies as to how it will work. However, since there are many different types of ebooks, researchers are having a hard time identifying usage patterns. Nevertheless, ebooks are available in libraries for use in research, reference, and more. LIST OF REFERENCES Tenopir, C. (2008). Ebooks Arrive. Library Journal, 133(2):25, January 2

The First Year Writing Program - 883 Words

Throughout the semester, the first year writing program gave students the privilege to become improved writers. Students received the opportunity to identify their strengths and weaknesses and come to a conclusion on what makes favorable writing. While writing the assigned essays this semester, I realized being able to read and write about something that is relatable is extremely critical. When an individual can relate to what they are reading, they will be more engaged compared to reading a piece that fails to connect to them. Although the first year writing program succeeded in building up better writers, there is always room for improvement. The program could consider new pieces of work and content that is recent that students can form an opinion on and relate to. While writing, individuals should always keep in mind, honesty, personal experience, and sending a message. Incorporating these values into a paper results in a piece of writing that is relatable and clear to understand. Personal experience and examples provide a reasonable amount of evidence for a reader. This will show that the topic being written about can happen and impact any individual. Also, honesty is crucial when wanting to make a point about the topic being written about. Writing that sends a message is essential due to the fact that the reader can identify that the author is writing for a purpose and wants the reader to take away a lesson or idea from reading that piece. Incidentally, my goalsShow MoreRelatedWriting As A Good Writer967 Words   |  4 PagesWriting is something that we use every day to convey our thoughts or ideas to people. It can be something as simple as taking notes in class or writing a resume for a future employer. You may not be writing to always give your work to someone else but even learning the proper way to take notes for yourself is a helpful tool to becoming a better writer. It also allows you to obtain the information more than once. 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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder - 1099 Words

â€Å"My mind is on fire as I fear that any second, another enemy round will rip into my body and finish me off† (Johnson 2). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) effects the lives of many soldiers after returning home from war. PTSD is a psychiatric condition described in the DSM-IV as, a condition that requires a specific event to have occurred as a criterion for the diagnosis. The criteria for this disorder, according to the book Combat Trauma, can include flashbacks, times where you feel as if you are reliving the traumatic event, shame or guilt, upsetting dreams about the traumatic event, trying to avoid thinking or talking about the traumatic event, feeling emotionally numb or not feeling at all, anger or irritability, poor or destructive relationships, self-destructive behavior, trouble sleeping, memory problems, hallucinations, not enjoying activities you one enjoyed and feeling as if you no longer know who is living your day-to-day life. James D. Johnson elaborately explains the everyday battles of living with PTSD in the book, Combat Trauma: A Personal Look at Long-term Consequences. Johnson describes living with PTSD as a, â€Å"lifetime sentence†. There are many ways that PTSD is being treated in the United States, including psychotherapies and pharmacological drugs. The Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) works with veterans that struggle with PTSD to help them overcome their traumas and try to get the veterans back to living their normal everyday lives. â€Å"I shouldShow MoreRelatedPost Traumatic Stress Disorder980 Words   |  4 PagesToday we are here to figure out why is it that past events are the triggers that cause Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is an anxiety disorder that some people get after seeing or undergoing a dangerous event. There are various symptoms that begin to show or actions that can give a clear answer whether one may be diagnosed with this disorder. 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As of today, the Unites States has 2.8 million veterans who served in the Afghanistan and Iraq wars, of those it is estimated that 11 to 20% currently suffer from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. As of 2013, a total of 12,632 veterans of the Afghanistan and Iraq wars are currently diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Glover 2014). Of course it